Octet

Octet / Reagents

Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - acid reagent. Strong acid for protonation and hydrohalogenation. Common uses: Alkene + HCl → Alkyl chloride, Workup of organometallic reactions. Weaker acid than HBr, HI for hydrohalogenation.

Acid

Reagent details

Name

Hydrochloric Acid

Formula

HCl

Smiles

Cl

Category

Acid

Function

Strong acid for protonation and hydrohalogenation

Common Uses

  1. Alkene + HCl → Alkyl chloride

  2. Workup of organometallic reactions

Notes

Weaker acid than HBr, HI for hydrohalogenation.

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Reagents

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DIBAL-H

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H₂/Pd (Catalytic Hydrogenation)

H₂/Pd (Catalytic Hydrogenation) (H₂ + Pd/C) - reducing reagent. Reduction of C=C, C≡C, and some functional groups. Common uses: Alkene → Alkane, Alkyne → Alkane, Nitro → Amine (ArNO₂ → ArNH₂), Benzyl groups removed (hydrogenolysis). Syn addition. Also works w...

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Lindlar Catalyst

Lindlar Catalyst (Pd/CaCO₃/Pb) - reducing reagent. Partial reduction of alkynes to cis-alkenes. Common uses: Alkyne → cis-Alkene (stops at alkene). Poisoned catalyst - lead prevents over-reduction. Syn addition gives cis product.

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Dissolving Metal (Na/NH₃) (Na + NH₃(l)) - reducing reagent. Reduction of alkynes to trans-alkenes. Common uses: Alkyne → trans-Alkene. Birch reduction conditions. Liquid ammonia at -33°C. Radical mechanism gives trans product.

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